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01FebFebruary 1, 2020

About us

Welcome! Willkommen! Bienvenido! Bienvenue! Bem-vindo! Välkommen! Welkom!

Many thanks to all the visitors for their kind collaboration, which has been determinant for the growth and improvement of the site.

Our goals

Chrysis.net is a private project and its expression is a completely free website with the following aims:

to become a point of attraction for all those people curious about the peculiar Chrysidid wasps;
to become a point of attraction for all the entomologists interested in Chrysidids, a place where they can find the main information on the Family;
to become a point of attraction for all those people looking for help in bibliographical researches, in identifying specimens, in field research and in collecting Chrysidids;
to become a point of attraction for all those researchers who like to share news and information regarding Chrysidids;
to offer resources and inspiration inputs on Photography and - in particular - on Macrophotography.

The Authors

Gian Luca AgnoliChrysis.net master and content editor

Paolo RosaChrysis.net content editor

Contributors

Chrysis.net is grateful to the many valuable scientists and kind visitors for their precious collaboration and we are proud to openly thank [in alphabetical order]:

Alexandre Anichtchenko (Russia)
Hans Arentsen (Holland)
Christoph Bleidorn (Germany)
Paul Butler (USA)
Sytske Dijksen (Holland)
Luciano Filippi (Italy)
Robert Ganz (USA)
Andrej Gogala (Slovenia)
Hans Henderickx (Belgium)
Maarten Jacobs (Belgium)
Daan Kalmeijer (Norway)
Lynn Siri Kimsey (USA)
Johann-Christoph Kornmilch (Germany)
Marek W. Kozlowski (Poland)

Peter Kubal (USA)
Roeland Langendam (Holland)
N. Larsen (S.Africa)
Yvonnik Lhomer (France)
Stephen Lenberger (USA)
Oliver Niehuis (Germany)
Maurizio Pavesi (Italy)
Alessio Perboni (Italy)
Christian Schmid-Egger (Germany)
Franco Strumia (Italy)
Viera Vodrazkova (Italy)
Beat Wermelinger (Switzerland)
Rolf Witt (Germany)

and many more.

Copyright, Authorship, and Ownership statements

All text and images of this page are copyright ©️ Chrysis.net unless otherwise stated - please see individual cases for authorship and copyright details. The specimens pictured are from the authors' or other collaborators' personal collections and from the collections of various museums. Unless otherwise specified, the whole content of this web site is for personal, non-commercial, scientific, and educational purposes given proper accreditation to the page from which they were derived are provided, and under Chrysis.net Terms and Conditions.

For citation purposes

Agnoli G.L. & Rosa P. (2025) Search Results , in: Chrysis.net website. Interim version 29 April 2025, URL: https://www.chrysis.net/search/%252525E7%25252583%252525AD%252525E8%252525A1%25252580%252525E9%252525AB%25252598%252525E6%252525A0%252525A11~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~3%252525E7%25252599%252525BE%252525E5%252525BA%252525A6%252525E7%252525BD%25252591%252525E7%2525259B%25252598nvq0t-%252525E3%25252580%25252590%252525E2%2525259C%25252594%252525EF%252525B8%2525258F%252525E6%2525258E%252525A8%252525E8%2525258D%25252590BB76%252525C2%252525B7CC%252525E2%2525259C%25252594%252525EF%252525B8%2525258F%252525E3%25252580%25252591-%252525E5%25252585%252525AB%252525E4%252525B8%252525AA%252525E8%2525259D%252525B4%252525E8%2525259D%252525B6%252525E5%25252585%252525AC%252525E4%252525B8%252525BB%252525E6%25252595%25252585%252525E4%252525BA%2525258Bw2t0-%252525E7%25252583%252525AD%252525E8%252525A1%25252580%252525E9%252525AB%25252598%252525E6%252525A0%252525A11~3%252525E7%25252599%252525BE%252525E5%252525BA%252525A6%252525E7%252525BD%25252591%252525E7%2525259B%25252598yut6s-%252525E5%25252585%252525AB%252525E4%252525B8%252525AA%252525E8%2525259D%252525B4%252525E8%2525259D%252525B6%252525E5%25252585%252525AC%252525E4%252525B8%252525BB%252525E6%25252595%25252585%252525E4%252525BA%2525258B3oas/page/4.

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01FebFebruary 1, 2020

Canon EOS-1D

Canon EOS-1D: overview

4 million+ pixels delivering 2,496 x 1,662 pixel images.
8 frames per second.
Ultra-rugged, environmentally-sealed body.
The world's fastest autofocus.
150,000-cycle shutter reliability.
Virtually identical to Canon's EOS-1V pro film SLR.

brochure (Acrobat PDF, 70KB)

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01FebFebruary 1, 2020

Canon T-90

This page is currently in Italian only

Copyright, Authorship, and Ownership statements

All text and images are copyright ©️ Chrysis.net unless otherwise stated - please see individual cases for authorship and copyright details. The specimens pictured are from the authors' or other collaborators' personal collections and from the collections of various museums. Unless otherwise specified, the whole content of this web site is for personal, non-commercial, scientific, and educational purposes given proper accreditation to the page from which they were derived are provided, and under Chrysis.net Terms and Conditions.

For citation purposes

Agnoli G.L. (2025) Search Results , in: Chrysis.net website. Interim version 29 April 2025, URL: https://www.chrysis.net/search/%252525E7%25252583%252525AD%252525E8%252525A1%25252580%252525E9%252525AB%25252598%252525E6%252525A0%252525A11~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~3%252525E7%25252599%252525BE%252525E5%252525BA%252525A6%252525E7%252525BD%25252591%252525E7%2525259B%25252598nvq0t-%252525E3%25252580%25252590%252525E2%2525259C%25252594%252525EF%252525B8%2525258F%252525E6%2525258E%252525A8%252525E8%2525258D%25252590BB76%252525C2%252525B7CC%252525E2%2525259C%25252594%252525EF%252525B8%2525258F%252525E3%25252580%25252591-%252525E5%25252585%252525AB%252525E4%252525B8%252525AA%252525E8%2525259D%252525B4%252525E8%2525259D%252525B6%252525E5%25252585%252525AC%252525E4%252525B8%252525BB%252525E6%25252595%25252585%252525E4%252525BA%2525258Bw2t0-%252525E7%25252583%252525AD%252525E8%252525A1%25252580%252525E9%252525AB%25252598%252525E6%252525A0%252525A11~3%252525E7%25252599%252525BE%252525E5%252525BA%252525A6%252525E7%252525BD%25252591%252525E7%2525259B%25252598yut6s-%252525E5%25252585%252525AB%252525E4%252525B8%252525AA%252525E8%2525259D%252525B4%252525E8%2525259D%252525B6%252525E5%25252585%252525AC%252525E4%252525B8%252525BB%252525E6%25252595%25252585%252525E4%252525BA%2525258B3oas/page/4.

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01FebFebruary 1, 2020

Review of the Canon EF 100mm f/2.8L Macro IS USM compared to the Canon EF 100mm f/2.8 Macro USM

The review of this lens is in Italian only

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01FebFebruary 1, 2020

Review of the Canon MP-E 65mm f/2.8 1-5X

This review is in Italian only

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01FebFebruary 1, 2020

Photo Handbook

Chrysis.net Photo Handbook is, at present, in Italian language only.

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31JanJanuary 31, 2020

Chrysura refulgens and Serapias vomeracea laxiflora

Relations between Chrysura refulgens Sp. (Hymenoptera Chrysididae) and Serapias vomeracea laxiflora (Orchidaceae)

Text and photos by L. Filippi

May 1997, Tuscany, Italy. Chrysura refulgens Sp. is observed inside a Serapias vomeracea laxiflora (Orchidaceae) flower. The specimen, a male, has 4 pollinic masses attached to the abdomen.

The Genus Serapias L. has about 20 species and subspecies of spontaneous orchids, about 7-8 of them diffused in Italy. Serapias vomeracea laxiflora is a plant 15-55 cm tall, with inflorescences of 3-10 flowers; each flower has petals and sepals united to form a sort of helmet, very showy.

Following the shifting of the chrysidid, in the afternoon the specimen occupied a flower different from the morning, but of the same plant. At 09:30 a.m. of the day after the chrysidid occupied the same flower of the morning before, and left it at 10:30 a.m. At 15:30 a new flower was occupied. Observations taken in the subsequent days revealed that the chrysidid was occupying flowers belonging to two distinct but close plants, moving with a good regularity and targeting the flowers best exposed to the sun.

The Chrysura refulgens male was resting inside the flower with the head towards the outside (fig. 1 & 2), but also in an opposite way, with the abdomen upwards and the head downwards. The second position was preferred also by Megachile centuncularis (Aculeata Apoidea Megachilidae). This way, the flower was attaching its pollinic masses to the insect's body and a transport to other flowers was assured (pollination).

click images to enlarge:

The shifting of the chrysidid from flower to flower were interpreted through the temperatures sampled with a microtermometer both inside and outside the flowers. The chrysidid, during the day, rests in a flower directly exposed to the sun and in the late afternoon occupies the flower that will be warmed as first. Flowers directly exposed to the sun have internal temperatures higher than flowers in the shadow, and higher than the outside (positive delta of 3.1 - 3.3 °C).

The temperature of the already pollinated flowers is less higher than the not yet pollinated ones, so that the former ones are less targeted by the chrysidid. Withered flowers do not reveal any difference in temperature from the external environment.

References

Felicioli A., Strumia F., Filippi L. & Pinzauti M., 1998 - Observations on the relations between Orchids of the genus Serapias and their pollinators in an area of central Tuscany. Frustula ent., 21: 103-108.
Filippi L., 2001 - Alcuni giorni in compagnia di Serapias vomeracea laxiflora (Orchidaceae) e di Chrysura refulgens (Hymenoptera Chrysididae). HY-MEN, 10: 11-13.

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31JanJanuary 31, 2020

Stilbum cyanurum

Shooting (with the camera) to a Stilbum cyanurum.

Text and photos by Alessio Perboni.

Near Lecco, Italy, summer 2004. The subject is a male of Stilbum cyanurum (Forster, 1771), which presents a variable coloration according to the light direction, with beautiful red reflexes on the gaster. These glares are visible on many specimens coming from the center-north Italy, making them apparently similar to the species Stilbum calens (Fabricius, 1781).

The first photos show the Stilbum hunting for nectar on flowers of Celosia argentea L. (Family: Aramanthaceae). The remaining photos show the Stilbum in activities of self-care for head and legs, resting on a leaf.

click images to enlarge:

The characteristic anal edge is visible, blue-metallic in color. The last photo shows the brow carina, particularly glaring.

Although it was constantly pushed away from the ants, the Stilbum was flying and landing back to the flowers, after regular and slow flights, also because of the spoiled margins of the wings. Moreover, it wasn't particularly disturbed by the presence of the photographer.

Canon PowerShot A70 with enlargement 105mm; natural light and free hand; ISO 50; times from 1/100" to 1/320"; diaphragms from f/6.3 to f/8.0 and an enlarger lens mounted in front of the camera's lens.

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31JanJanuary 31, 2020

Chrysidids from Belgium

Here are some beautiful and interesting shots made by Maarten Jacobs in Belgium.

We like to put the attention on two shots in particular: the Hedychrum nobile female with mites attached and the incredible density of Hedychrum rutilans on a thistle.

The Author reports that: "the nectar supply in very dry or large sandy areas is often a problem for many insects. This picture was taken in an area with very few flowers and the only nectar supply was represented by few thistles on the border of the area. In a such situation I saw more than 15 goldwasps on each plant!".

click images to enlarge:

Digital Nikon Coolpix 4500 mounting (in some cases) a Raynox MSN-500 Super MacroScan close-up lens.

More photos and information: www.maartenjacobs.be.

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31JanJanuary 31, 2020

Hedychrum virens and Cerceris tuberculata

Notes on the biology of Hedychrum virens and Cerceris tuberculata

Text and photos by Paolo Rosa.

In the summer 2006 I was in Ukraine to meet my colleague Alina Drozdovskaya of Kyiv Taras Shevchenko National University, and to conduct some hymenopterological researches.

In the month of July we were in Crimea, in and around the famous wildlife park of Karadagh on the Black Sea coast. During an excursion we had the opportunity to meet a colony of Cerceris tuberculata de Villers, 1789, nesting in the ground behind some bushes. With great surprise we observed some Hedychrum virens Dahlbom, 1845 moving on the soil. We have spent few days to observe the behavior of Hedychrum and their hosts, taking some pictures of the predation and parasitism of Cerceris against Curculionidae beetles and of the activity of Chrysidids.

click images to enlarge:

Cerceris specimens were seeking for their victims on the ground, Larinus onopordi (F., 1787) curculionids. Once found, the Cerceris was taking the beetle with the large jaws and was injecting the paralyzing poison in its body. Then the prey was dragged on the ground, sometimes with low level flights, up to the nest, where the beetle was introduced with a big effort. In the meantime, Hedychrum virens, the largest European elampine chrysidid, had visited all the nests meticolously, although we didn't see a single case of ovideposition.

In truth there's no doubt about the parasitism of that chrysidid because in several days of field observations we have never noticed any other chrysidids in the colony's site. Moreover, the size of the host and of its prey leave no doubts. Only one more parasite was common at the site, a velvet ant presumably belonging to the genus Smicromyrme.

Search Results -

Our goals

The Authors

Contributors

Canon EOS-1D: overview

Relations between Chrysura refulgens Sp. (Hymenoptera Chrysididae) and Serapias vomeracea laxiflora (Orchidaceae)

Shooting (with the camera) to a Stilbum cyanurum.

Notes on the biology of Hedychrum virens and Cerceris tuberculata